English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 25

English - Essay Example In this regard, I found out that there are several channels (social media) one can use to learn English, and one of them is the television. The term social media is a term that has been lately on everyone’s lips as it plays a major role on how we speak and write, and on how we interact with other people. It affects our way of speech due to the numerous varieties of social media which we access in our daily life. What then is social media? Social media is termed as a very powerful human interaction tool that does include technologies that facilitate communication among individuals and several organizations. Over the years, it has been widely acknowledged that social media influence us in more ways than we can imagine. It is worth noting that the power of social media can be witnessed both negatively and positively. It is therefore imperative that we place a greater emphasis on harnessing the power of social media with regards to bring positive change to the society and English language. When it comes to social media and TV, Social TV was actually named one of the 10 most important emerging technologies with an element of social media in 2010 by the MIT tech review. Social TV as a general term does cover many areas that include voice integration and chat capabilities, video conferencing as well as TV recommendations. TV is known to be social media as it mines information related to TV programs from social media and integrates the results into TV programs or series (Qualman 19). TV is referred to as social media as it’s able to display and retrieve social media content that displays social discussions on certain TV shows. Social media on TV allows the recent technologies that concentrate on TV programs that are ported to online media resources such as You Tube. However TV plays a positive role in the buildup of an individuals language through news. News channels such as PPC it is very helpful, because the English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27 English - Essay Example When the UAE starts its journey as an independent country in 1971, it had a scouts served as the mobile force of 1600 men. Present aspects may clearly distinguish between them. According to Department of Defense (DoD) the US Army has grown to 545,849 within 31th October, 2008. On the other hand amount of UAE troops is too few in comparison with the US Army. â€Å"In 2004 total active troops were estimated at 50,500 personnel: army, 44,000; navy, 2,500; and air force, 4,000. Estimates in 2005 raised the total to 59,000 personnel† (Pike). Mission of US army is to conduct successful battle that must discharge national achievement and retaining dominance through resisting all threats. The mission of the US Army is plotted and composed in the global frame work. As it is said in the organization’s website, â€Å"The Army’s mission is to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders† (US. Army). On the other side mission of UAE militaries is to establish proper protection for the Nation against threats and attacks. The UAE Army is orientated to maintain security of the Nation and Peace in the region. Recent issues and history prove that Military Control of USA has depicted over successfully in most cases in different countries especially third world countries and Middle East countries as well Iraq, Afghanistan, etc. till now. But as a faintly penetrated UAE arm force is appearing now growing up keeping friendly relation with US. Though economically getting rich now, UAE, now days, seems is going to receive healthy grounding in military whereas any threat will come. â€Å"On February 4, the Bush administration released its budget request for Fiscal Year 2009, which begins on October 1, 2008. For FY 2009, the White House is seeking $711

Impact Of Mass Media On The Society Media Essay

Impact Of Mass Media On The Society Media Essay Media relationships with policymakers showed different shapes of dealings with informations since long ago. In the past it was understood that the medias impact on policy happened in a direct approach, mostly when journalists were detached from the leading decisions. Media inquiries introduced by common public feelings usually help in spreading the public view, individuals act together in order to force the government to reform public policies according to the general public requirements. For example in France, during the presidential election many French citizens were against most laws concerning retirement benefits. Massive protestations forced the government to change some laws. Another example is that, linear concept has been lately labelled by the Mobilisation Model instead of being labelled Popular Mobilisation. This concept suggests that peoples play major roles in policymaking practices; other political scientists views were different, some propose that exceptional interest g roups and further influential political leaders control the policymaking progressions but not the citizens. Protess, Curtin, Gordon, Leff, and Miller (19) share the same point of view and state that policymaking reforms frequently take place regardless the public opinion. They involved some ethnographic investigations of reporters and policymakers to demonstrate how prepublication cooperation published by journalism and policymakers may influence policy outlines and decisions, not the common public impression. For example the website of the Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist Carl Bernstein posted a sample of the cooperation between the CIA and the Media stating that, Joseph Alsop, known as one of the American famous columnist working with a specific association, proceeded to the Philippines in 1953 to report news concerning the election. He wasnt asked to attend the event by his association however the journal concerned to post his column. Reasonably, he was there due to the CIA demand. During the past two decades over four hundred American journalists operated secretly for the sake of CIA Central Intelligence Agency, as some tasks were directly assigned by the center of operations at the CIA. They were attending as some detectives used to go in most Communist countries. Journalists serviced their assistance to the (CIA) during a long period of time as a matter of fact; copyreaders and reporters shared their works with CIA members. In several cases, CIA papers indicate that reporters were involved to achieve duties for the CIA with the permission and agreement of the administrations of Americas leading newscast establishments (Bernstein). Such relationships were realized to have a major consequence on policy establishment. Sometimes they use it for what can be called policy opportunities. By getting or constructing all the information in advance, they are more able to control their media reportage to exploit and defused positive advertising for their policies. In this way, they could be viewed as part of the solution even if they initially created the problem Protess, Curtin, Gordon, Leff, and Miller 166-185. This interdependent relationship, involving dynamic cooperation between presses and policymakers to govern policymaking outlines has been called as coalition journalism. Moltosh, Protess, and Gordon would totally stand against this way of being a journalist. The influence of policymakers in the cinema industry is also relevant according to The Guardian One of the UKs leading newspapers in 2012-08-29. The conservative right-hand transparency group, Judicial Watch, expressed in August 2012 a new bunch of papers presenting how president Obama management showed evidence and data to Hollywood film-makers concerning for example Bin Laden attack. To be politically supportive, Obama administrators intended to allow the creation of a pre-election film regarding that heroic assassination. Although at the same time, many attorneys and also lobbyist asserted to media channels that no revelation was allowed because the attack was classified. This illustrates how policymakers could influence film-makers to produce intended films that control the flow of the public opinion and govern their own policies Guardian. The impact of the CNN effect is also very obvious in the foreign policymaking. A lot of revisions have determined that the media has a crucial role in affecting some countries foreign policymaking procedures done by the concept of CNN effect, Gilboa 27-44. Not related only to the CNN effect on policymaking, but relatively on the influence of global media systems to govern political progressions through a specific way of reporting matters and information. This is mainly significant, as lots of people depend on the media to more about foreign news Brown, and Vincent 65-79. Robinson in year 2000 developed the policy-media interaction model, using the structure of press-state relations. This theory was developed by Hallin in 1986 and Bennett around1990. It was used for some of US humanitarian involvements, in the year 1990. The outcomes indicated that serious reportage by the media with a powerful personal point of view on the subject had a significant impact on the public opinion. History shows that, policymakers were inexact sometimes regarding their deeds. For example, most of these interferences caused the US to defend Bosnian, especially Gorazde (1995) but to make alliances with their enemies in Kosovo in (1999). Consequently, the impact of the CNN effect would look to be different relying on the presence of unified policies concerning foreign policy issues Robinson 613-633. On the social level, currently, the media is far and wide wherever the society fits, this century experienced a huge increase in communication gadgets. Within a blink of an eye, individuals can know what their contacts are doing on Facebook, or what they writing on Twitter. Technology has offered publics tools to have access to the whole world The Telegraph. The facility to continually recognize what is fashionable and stylish with superstars, how they act, what they eat, how they look, and what are their concerns, influences dramatically the whole society. Adolescents and teens always make the buzz around for them-self, uniqueness, and a sense of worth with a cool image. The supremacy of the media is a mechanism that powerfully controlled teens. According to Gauna most of them will end up with negative impacts. Teens spending times on Facebook and further social media channels are five times more expected to smoke and tree times more expected to drink alcohol than others not using social links according to CASA. However a number of investigators interrogated whether accessible practices on the net could essentially and possibly exposed teens to drug use. They assumed that there is no linkage between the two. A survey was held questioning about five hundred parents and two thousands of teens. The result indicated by CASA was that approximately seventy (70%) of the teens use social networks and about fifty (50%) of those seventy (70%) view photos of drunken teens and those who use drugs. Teens who do not utilize social networks can still view such photos but are less expected to be influenced. According to CASA only about 14% will be affected by what they see on internet. Actually, social media was expected to make life easier, but it seems not convince the majority of people. Now everyone feels more relaxed when talking to others behind the screens and less comfortable to communicate personally in front of each other. Older generations maybe different and are more able to make distinctions between the social network environment and the true social world, but current generations wont be able to realize it. When they are grown, they will have a confusing opinion about the true social communication. In worst cases, their minds will create a wrong figure of socialism and they will not be able to differentiate between the true world and the social network life. New generations should definitely be concerned by their futures. Most teenagers have difficulty to understand fundamentals that guide social media principles. On the other hand, Dependence on social media has diminished the interactions between students and instructors as a result of emails communication. Just a message without any emotions or even voice tones would certainly create an interesting link. Dr. Kelley Crowley, an instructor of public relations states that students have become restrained and uncomfortable to talk to her in class. Relatively, they prefer and feel more relaxed to contact her via emails, behind a monitor which is detached and does not have any perspective. To concludes, I think I said the same thing earlier in my thesis statement, and I wrote that before I read any of this research informations. Crowley, as well adds that ducking personal communications damages the capability of younger generation. Lack of eye contact in talks and conferences in addition to poor grammar practices influences negatively their professionalism. Most students have to reduce usage of social networks and be obliged in a way or another to interact with their professors in person, with colleagues and friends through school events, clubs or trips Meagan.

Specializing Education :: Schooling Teaching Essays

Specializing Education Special Education was one of those things I never truly understood as a student in the public school system. Who were these children that had to be taken out of the class for reading and math or who remained in a separate class all day? What was so â€Å"special† about them? Believe me, I could have tried to find out what was different about them and how they were taught anytime I wanted; my mom teaches Elementary Special Education. I always heard her throwing around terms like resource room and inclusion when she talked about work. But being the typical self-involved child that I was, I never listened to what she said about teaching or asked her more about her students. What I do know is that teaching Special Education involved a lot of ups and down. As a Special Education teacher, the specific tasks of my mom’s job change frequently. She has taught full-time special education classes, has worked with individual students in an inclusive setting, and most recent ly she teaches resource room. Now that I don’t have to listen to her work stories all the time, I find myself wanting to know more about what special education entails. What I discovered is that none of the methods utilized in Special Education are entirely right or wrong in addressing the educational needs of children with LD. Children with learning disabilities should be educated in the most appropriate way to meet their specific educational needs. The children who benefit from the Special Education program are learning disabled. The National Center for Learning Disabilities states that children with learning disabilities have a â€Å"neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to receive process, store and respond to information.† There has been a long running debate on the best way to educate children with learning disabilities or LD. Some feel inclusion is the most beneficial method for educating children with LD. As defined by Jean B. Crockett and James M. Kauffman in The Least Restrictive Environment, inclusion is where children with disabilities are placed in regular education classes for the entire school day and are accompanied by special education teachers or aides for subjects where they need extra help (1). Others feel mainstreaming is the best option for students with LD.

Professional Development Opportunities Essay

NAYCE (National Association for the Education of Young Children) – http://www.naeyc.org NAYCE is a vast among the Early Childhood Education. The programs feed knowledgeable information to Early Childhood teachers. Teachers can become a member and go to many Expos and Conference to meet other teachers and program directors. NAYCE also have educational books online for teachers to develop more learning into their classroom and curriculum. CAT (Creative Art Team)- http://www.creativeartsteam.org/professional-development/professional-development/early-childhood-professional-development-initiativ The CAT website provides an Early Childhood Professional Development Initiative workshop for mentoring teachers. The schools who wish to participate for the workshop will have five days of in-services for students, in class mentoring and coaching with four teachers, on site staff development and second-five hour’s professional development with CAT. The workshop is free for all teachers who are interested to join. Collaborative for Children- www.collabforchildren.org/training-child-care-providers The Collaborative for Children is a learning development for teachers in the surrounding Houston area and online for all Early Childhood teachers. The professional development programs offer Early Childhood Training Courses with the cost of $12.00. The Collaborative is part of Texas Agrilife Extension Service, an educational agency of the Texas A&M System. New York Early Childhood Professional Development Institute- http://www.earlychildhoodnyc.org/ New York Early Childhood Professional Development Institute offers many programs to benefit new awareness in New York City. The Institute offers on site coaching, professional development, and technical assistance also CDA programs for aspiring childcare workers. These programs are working with parents and teachers to develop healthy and learning children. Early Learning Leaders- http://www.earlylearningleaders.org/?page=Professional The website contains Early Care Professional Training and Education for child care administrators. The program enriches childcare directors into learning and developing new programs into their childcare program home base. There are weekly webinars and sessions for each learning development.

Greek Empire and the Renaissance: Shaping the New World

Other pull factors such as ideas of political, economic, and social freedom along with trade and exploration of nations hat were an inherent part of the European Renaissance lead to the questioning the Catholic Church and its powers over the people, which ultimately led to the desire for a new place to practice these freedoms. The Greek Empire reached its political peak as a result of simple trial and error. Originally, they began as a monarchy, developed into an oligarchy, and finally advanced into what is now known as the first form of democracy, or power of the people.They strongly believed that in order to be a strong, united, successful nation that there had to be an educated electorate, which eater became the central idea of what the founding fathers established this newly emerging nation on: an idea of freedom. The Greek, much like America later on, were split up into different social classes: slaves, non-slaves, men, and women. Women in Greece were not entitled to a social li fe, much less a voice in politics, bit rather picked up their social status along with everything else from their husbands. Likewise, the Roman Empire played a critical role in the discovery and foundation of the New World.The Romans were the strongest, largest Empire throughout history due to heir advancement in technology, their form of government which was even able to withstand a weak leader, and their their powerful military which enabled them to conquer many nations, expanding the empire further than any other, spanning from Turkey to England. As a result of the fall of the Roman Empire, the entirety of Europe experienced two to three-hundred years of little to no progress and religious conflict. During this time, art and culture was being lost and the only knowledge left was what survived in the monasteries; education was scarce.This period was known as the Dark Ages, also known as the Early Middle Ages, which then led to the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a rebirth of clas sical learning. Everything that was lost and forgotten during the Dark Ages was coming to light. During this time, European people gained a sense of hope and individualism rather than tradition. People began thinking for themselves for the first time in hundreds of years and began to explore art, music, drama, philosophy, and most importantly exploration of the world and questioning of the Catholic Church's authority over the people.For example, â€Å"The Roman Catholic Church taught that an individual could gain favor with God by what were called â€Å"good works†. [Martin] Luther believed that he, as a sinner, was condemned in the eyes of God and that nothing could help him. Despite doing many good works, Luther found no peace of mind†¦ Lather's main complaint against the Catholic Church was that it was supporting a system that left sinners in sin – and this was the institution that was meant to save lost souls !!†¦ In October 1517, Luther pinned his †Å"95 Theses† to a church door in Wattenberg. â€Å"(â€Å"Martin Luther. ) When our nodding fathers designed what was the foundation of our country, they brought ideas such as democracy from the Greek Empire and similar social practices such as the split classes. Likewise, practices such as religious freedom, intellect, and art, developed during the Renaissance, were influences that shaped the New World in a powerful way. During a time of desperation for freedom and a fresh start, founding fathers brought the strongest ideas from significant civilizations and time periods in European history, which essentially shaped what we know as the New World.

History of the Tom Thumb Steam Engine and Peter Cooper

History of the Tom Thumb Steam Engine and Peter Cooper Peter Cooper and the Tom Thumb steam locomotive are important figures in the  history of railroads in the United States. The coal-burning engine led to the replacement of horse-drawn trains. It was the first American-built steam locomotive to be operated on a common-carrier railroad. Peter Cooper Peter Cooper was born Feb. 12, 1791, in New York City and died on April 4, 1883. He was an inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist from New York City. The Tom Thumb locomotive was designed and built by Peter Cooper in 1830. Cooper bought land along the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and prepared it for the train route. He found iron ore on the property and founded the Canton Iron Works to produce iron rails for the railroad. His other businesses included an iron rolling mill and a glue factory. The Tom Thumb was built to convince the railroad owners to use steam engines. It was cobbled together with a small boiler and spare parts that included musket barrels. It was fueled by anthracite coal. From Trains to Telegraphs and Jell-O Peter Cooper also obtained the very first American patent for the manufacture of  gelatin  (1845). In 1895, Pearle B. Wait, a cough syrup manufacturer, bought the patent from Peter Cooper and turned Coopers gelatin dessert into a prepackaged commercial product, which his wife, May David Wait, renamed Jell-O. Cooper was one of the founders of a telegraph company that eventually bought up competitors to dominate the eastern coast. He also supervised the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1858. Cooper became one of the richest men in New York City due to his business success and investments in real estate and insurance. Cooper founded the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City.   The Tom Thumb and the First U.S. Railway Chartered to Transport Freight and Passengers On February 28, 1827, the Baltimore Ohio Railroad became the first U.S. railway chartered for commercial transport of passengers and freight. There were skeptics who doubted that a steam engine could work along steep, winding grades, but the Tom Thumb, designed by Peter Cooper, put an end to their doubts. Investors hoped a railroad would allow Baltimore, the second largest U.S. city at the time, to successfully compete with New York for western trade. The first railroad track in the United States was only 13 miles long, but it caused a lot of excitement when it opened in 1830. Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, laid the first stone when construction on the track began at Baltimore harbor on July 4, 1828 Baltimore and the Ohio River were connected by rail in 1852 when the BO was completed at Wheeling, West Virginia. Later extensions brought the line to Chicago, St. Louis, and Cleveland. In 1869, the Central Pacific line and the Union Pacific line joined to create the first transcontinental railroad. Pioneers continued to travel west by covered wagon, but as trains became faster and more frequent, settlements across the continent grew larger and more quickly.

Free Essays on Demonic Presence

Demonic Presence In Dostoevsky’s The Brother’s Karamazov, all of the characters have inner battles with themselves. Each section of the book is dedicated to the battles each character has. Book XI is a section about different characters, but each one has dealings with a demonic presence. Lise and Ivan both have their own trouble with evil entities. In the chapter called â€Å"The Little Demon† Lise encounters a new part of her personality. She is possessed by an evil being, though we never really know what it is. Aloysha even comments on how different she is in just three days. She is simply not herself. Throughout the entire chapter, Lise struggles with her feelings. She is torn again between her feelings for Aloysha, as is the case throughout the book. She says she respects him and does not feel ashamed around him, but she does not love him and does not want to be his wife. She also says that she only wants his tears when she dies. This continuous change in feelings is evidently because of the evil presence that is accompanying her at the time of Aloysha’s visit. Lise also had an engagement with Ivan. Ivan maybe even had an influence on the fact that Lise became possessed with evil. He gave his â€Å"blessing† on such actions and told her that her dream about crucifying the Jewish boy was good. Aloysha tells Lise that this is simply because he is sick just as she is. Aloysha sees the connection between the two of them. He becomes aware of this fact even more when he finally sees Ivan a few chapters later. Lise’s sickness also connects to the wider theme of the book, the battle between reason and faith. Lise speaks of how she wants to be evil. She sees herself crucifying the Jewish boy and eating an expensive dessert as she watches him die. She feels as if she has no more faith. When Aloysha is meeting with her, you see the vast comparison between him and Lise. He is the example of faith throu... Free Essays on Demonic Presence Free Essays on Demonic Presence Demonic Presence In Dostoevsky’s The Brother’s Karamazov, all of the characters have inner battles with themselves. Each section of the book is dedicated to the battles each character has. Book XI is a section about different characters, but each one has dealings with a demonic presence. Lise and Ivan both have their own trouble with evil entities. In the chapter called â€Å"The Little Demon† Lise encounters a new part of her personality. She is possessed by an evil being, though we never really know what it is. Aloysha even comments on how different she is in just three days. She is simply not herself. Throughout the entire chapter, Lise struggles with her feelings. She is torn again between her feelings for Aloysha, as is the case throughout the book. She says she respects him and does not feel ashamed around him, but she does not love him and does not want to be his wife. She also says that she only wants his tears when she dies. This continuous change in feelings is evidently because of the evil presence that is accompanying her at the time of Aloysha’s visit. Lise also had an engagement with Ivan. Ivan maybe even had an influence on the fact that Lise became possessed with evil. He gave his â€Å"blessing† on such actions and told her that her dream about crucifying the Jewish boy was good. Aloysha tells Lise that this is simply because he is sick just as she is. Aloysha sees the connection between the two of them. He becomes aware of this fact even more when he finally sees Ivan a few chapters later. Lise’s sickness also connects to the wider theme of the book, the battle between reason and faith. Lise speaks of how she wants to be evil. She sees herself crucifying the Jewish boy and eating an expensive dessert as she watches him die. She feels as if she has no more faith. When Aloysha is meeting with her, you see the vast comparison between him and Lise. He is the example of faith throu...

Restrictive and Unrestrictive Use of Such As

Restrictive and Unrestrictive Use of Such As Restrictive and Unrestrictive Use of Such As Restrictive and Unrestrictive Use of Such As By Mark Nichol The phrase â€Å"such as† comes in handy for referring to specifics, but whether it begins a longer phrase framed by a pair of commas depends on whether that longer phrase is essential to the sentence or is provided as additional but nonessential information. The following sentences demonstrate erroneous use or omission of punctuation with the phrase; discussion and revision indicate correct usage. 1. In circumstances, such as these, are our strengths and weaknesses revealed. A pair of commas around â€Å"such as these† presumes that the phrase is optional, but â€Å"In circumstances are our strengths and weaknesses revealed,† though a valid statement, misses the point of the sentence, which is intended to relate the sentiment to a particular set of circumstances, so the phrase is essential and should not be set off: â€Å"In circumstances such as these are our strengths and weaknesses revealed.† 2. The use of the technology allows companies, such as World Wide Wickets, to transfer funds faster, cheaper, and in a trackable mechanism. Out of context, it may not be clear whether the parenthesis is necessary, but when one accepts the assumption that the company has already been mentioned, the phrase seems oddly intrusive when treated as an interjection, while its integral placement in the statement is natural: â€Å"The use of the technology allows companies such as World Wide Wickets to transfer funds faster, cheaper, and in a trackable mechanism.† 3. Specific employee information, such as Social Security numbers and I-9 forms for employment eligibility must be transferred in accordance with law. The examples given in this sentence are helpful but not essential, so the phrase beginning with â€Å"such as† and ending before the verb phrase â€Å"must be transferred† should be treated parenthetically. This sentence starts off correctly but neglects to close off the parenthesis with a second comma: â€Å"Specific employee information, such as Social Security numbers and I-9 forms for employment eligibility, must be transferred in accordance with law.† (The sentence is also correct without internal punctuation.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†The Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Department of Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Department of Homeland Security - Essay Example And a final review shows the successes and failures for the past, present and future of the DHS. Keywords: DHS, OIG, CRS, ACE, GAO. Department of Homeland Security Its Establishment, The Organization, Then and Now 2002 – 2013 Introduction: â€Å"Our nation is stronger than it was on 9/11, more prepared to confront evolving threats, and more resilient in the face of our continued challenges.† (Napolitano, 2011). It has been a decade since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Our nation lost nearly 3,000 innocent men, women and children as well as citizens from more than 90 countries. In the wake of the attack, America has become even stronger and resilient; however, threats still persist. We have overcome challenges in the past decade, but more strides need to be made to guard our nation against other large attacks or natural disasters on our own soil.(DHS.gov, 2012). We have come to realize that it is not only the responsibility of our government to maintain security but it is a shared responsibility of each American. The Federal government has partnered with government, the public and private sectors in communities across our country and other nations to strengthen the DHS’s infrastructure. This large security endeavor works to defend against threats, minimize risks, and maximize our response so that we may recover quickly from any attacks or differing disasters. (DHS.gov, 2012). The vision, â€Å"Preserving our freedoms, protecting America..we secure our homeland.† (Napolitano, 2013). Establishment, Breakdown and Purpose: Immediately after the 9/11 attacks President Bush took authoritative action to assure protection for America. In the document of June 2002 he established the White House Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council to assure that our federal response and protective actions would be effective in the future. He appointed Tom Ridge as Homeland Security Advisor to study the federal government and determ ine if what we have now would be sufficient to deal with a current threat. He was also instructed to evaluate the system as far as future threats and anything unknown. (Bush, 2002). The study determined that since 9/11 information learned about the enemy while fighting a war required more unification in the homeland security division. (Bush, 2002). The organization would focus on four specific and efficient divisions. 1. Border and transportation security would cover borders, transportation systems and territorial waters. Responsibilities of the Coast Guard, Customs, Immigration, Border Patrol, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture would all be under this division. The newly formed Transportation Security Administration would cover all entries into the United States. This security measure assured that border control and visas were held in a central information-sharing database. (Bush, 2002). 2. Emergency preparedness and response focused on training for domestic disaster preparedness of first responders and communication with the government disaster response efforts. FEMA would become a central division of the DHS.

Entry Plan into International Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Entry Plan into International Market - Essay Example This has contributed significantly to the high levels of customer satisfaction, leading to customer loyalty. The company continues to maintain customers through ensuring similar levels in product quality, hence assuring customers of quality in Zara products. High-quality products have in turn brought high sales placing the company in the global market leadership position. The company presents unique products to its customers through the development of fashion designed based on the market demands. The organisation is drawn in the manufacture of different apparel products trading in different names. The company owns brands like    Pull and Bear,  Massimo Dutti,  and Uterqà ¼e among several others. The company offers clothing for all sexes, subdivided into different categories. The different categories available for Zara’s are upper and lower garments, which represent the parts of the body, shoes, cosmetics and complements. There is a division within the company that provides children clothing of various types and is named Zara kids The company remains one of the global leaders in the apparel industry because of the efficiency with which it delivers products into the market. The company is the principal retailer in the apparel industry globally and has 5527 retailing outlets in 82 different countries. The customer profile for the company consists of largely women with 65% of the market, with men and children holding 25% and 15% respectively, of the company’s global market. The company has created a market for itself in the global arena through affordability and differentiation of the products delivered into the market (Sharp & Dawes, 2001). The company makes products for high-end individuals and has continuously avoided the common industry trend of taking fashion to the low-cost countries. Zara began its international operations through Portugal, when it opened the first store abroad in the country.

Mass Strikes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mass Strikes - Essay Example In this paper, the writer addresses several issues relating to Workmates 2011. It discusses how and why the 1990s London tube workers organized themselves against threatened privatization, and increasing precarity. It further discusses why the workers’ preferred using outside contractors at the expense unions. As part of this paper, the reasons for the growing ineffectiveness of the workers’ unions, the reasons of organizing outside them, and the new strategies the organizations have developed to address decrease in union power are also discussed in the paper. Introduction The decreasing power of track maintenance workers’ union of London in 1990s, threatened it being outsourced to a private contractor under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme (Ellman, 2010 p7). This new strategy was introduced to cut production cost, by introducing competitive tendering by private contractors to perform the work, which was earlier done by the firms themselves. In addition, i t was focused to replace relative job security with insecure and temporary employment that was widespread under â€Å"flexible labor market†, and undercut terms and conditions of London Underground staff (Gall, 2003 p79). The 1990s London Underground workers were organized under Rail, Maritime and Transport Union (RMT). Casual staff and third-party contractors were, however, typically not unionized. Private contractors such as RMT, anarchist, and Andy began to use anarcho-syndicalist tactics like on-the-job direct and mass meeting actions to counteract divisions between non-union and union workers, and build resistance to the increasing outsourcing and privatization on the London Underground (McIlroy, 1995 p97). This tactic was mainly focused to divide and rule workforce. Divide and rule of the workforce led to the formation of Workmates collective in late 1998 and early 1999. The first Workplace group was established in London maintenance depot. Policies of the Workplace gro up allowed all workers to join this group no matter of their union membership. It also set to organize meetings on shop floors, with the workers themselves as the members (Solidarity Federation, 2011 p4). The workmate collective took effect with a delegate council structure, which was set to function for 18 months. Within a period of 18 months, which ran up to mid-2000, members of the workmate collective organized several mass strikes, of which several ones were successful, and this created staff turnover. However, shop meetings were continued, and any worker was allowed to join this group despite of her or his union organization (Solidarity Federation, 2011 p4). Threatened Privatization London Underground drafted and introduced its â€Å"Company Plan† in the early 1990s. This plan was intended to bring a number of changes such as changing industrial relations structures, getting rid of some established perks, and reviewing worker’s terms and conditions (Eur, 2002 p608 ). Additionally, the plan brought recruitment of new workers into stop, since new staff requirements were brought in as outsourced contractors. The new policies were focused on incorporating private sector norms into the firm, so that they would become more attractive to private capital (Eur, 2002 p610). Workers union such as RMT strongly opposed the new Company plan, but they

Realist Law and Order Liberalism versus Optimistic, Market Liberalism Essay

Realist Law and Order Liberalism versus Optimistic, Market Liberalism - Essay Example d restriction of government rights with the help of the society that has the power to remove those leaders who are unable to act according to the social contract (Vaughn 311–326).Thomas Hobbes alludes occurrence of conflicts in the society to antagonism and rivalry that result in the attack of others for selfish interests so as to receive praise and protect their reputation among their friends, colleagues and the society (Hobbes 264). He further argues that even when human beings lived in a state of nature they still experienced a lot of suffering therefore the presence of rulers and rules would help alleviate the suffering. This paper therefore explores the social contracts postulated by both Locke and Hobbes and tries to examine the manner in which they are both attributed to the development of social liberalism. The paper will therefore explore the various postulates put forward by both Locke and Hobbes and examine the various weaknesses and strengths evident in each of the social contract theories and the challenges that are likely to occur as a result of the social contract theories. According to Hobbes, man is not a social animal by nature. He argues that the society is incapable of surviving on its own, it has to be supported the authority of the state. This is contrary to Locke who believes that a human being is a social animal by nature. According to Hobbes, in the natural state human beings are open and autonomous hence have the right to do whatever they want and are not accountable to anyone. This right is a basic moral fact, rather than any duty people have to do according to a law. The priority of individual right reflects our separateness, our lack of moral ties to one another. According to Hobbes, one consequence of this is that the state of nature is a â€Å"war of all against all†: human beings are naturally at war with one another. Individuals create societies and governments to escape this condition. Society is not natural to man, but is the

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Reasearch with Hypothesis Essay

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Reasearch with Hypothesis - Essay Example the process of research, 57% of those who have passed through the career assessment tests found job during the first month after the research was finished, while only 33% of those who didnt pass these assessment tests were able to find employment. In our research in the attempt to define the effectiveness of the various career assessment tools it was necessary to take into account t the statistical history. It is notable that among the 30 participants, in the period between the pre-test and post-test, two respondents have visited the curses for acquiring new practical skills in connection with their main occupation, and thus it will be difficult to decide, whether their better job search depended on their career assessment use or on the fact that they have visited such courses. The rest of the 27 respondents didnt visit any courses – however, to make the number of participants, who will pass the career assessment tests and those, who wont pass them, one of the respondents, chosen randomly, has been excluded from the research. Thus, the number of participants, which will ultimately define the result of the test, was ultimately decreased to 26. Maturation is the exclusive case of the statistical research and is based on the assumption that the objects of the research tend to improve while the test takes place. In our case with the career assessment, during the period of the three months, while the testing was taking place, it is assumed that it is hardly possible for the objects of the research to significantly improve their knowledge and qualification to the extent which could possibly change the results of the test, not noting the three respondents who visited the courses and have been excluded from the test group for this reason. In the present research there was the high probability that the results of the pre-test evaluation would considerably influence the post-test results for those who would pass the career assessment tests, as these tests presuppose

Lawrence's horse dealer's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lawrence's horse dealer's - Essay Example She and her three brothers will have to live their separate lives now. All his brothers have found a way to support themselves but she has nowhere to go. She does not know what to do with her life and she felt that it was the end of the line for her. Her mind was on a turmoil and she thought, â€Å"This was at an end† (Lawrence, n.d.). I think that if she only had money left, she would not have thought of committing suicide. This can be concluded from the statement in the story, â€Å"But so long as there was money, the girl felt herself established, and brutally proud, reserved† (Lawrence, n.d.). But since there was no more money now, Mabel felt there was no reason to live anymore. All she wanted was to be with her dead mother. The other character that completes the love story is Dr. Jack Ferguson. Like Mabel, his life was also dull and pointless. There was nothing but work for him. He even said he hated the â€Å"hellish hole†, his description of the town where he did his practice. There is so much symbolism in this story by Lawrence. One such symbolism is the pond where Mabel tried to commit suicide. It was described as dead and cold. It symbolizes the feelings of both Mabel and Jack before the rescue incident. Both of them did not have any passionate feelings for each other.

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Reasearch with Hypothesis Essay

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Reasearch with Hypothesis - Essay Example the process of research, 57% of those who have passed through the career assessment tests found job during the first month after the research was finished, while only 33% of those who didnt pass these assessment tests were able to find employment. In our research in the attempt to define the effectiveness of the various career assessment tools it was necessary to take into account t the statistical history. It is notable that among the 30 participants, in the period between the pre-test and post-test, two respondents have visited the curses for acquiring new practical skills in connection with their main occupation, and thus it will be difficult to decide, whether their better job search depended on their career assessment use or on the fact that they have visited such courses. The rest of the 27 respondents didnt visit any courses – however, to make the number of participants, who will pass the career assessment tests and those, who wont pass them, one of the respondents, chosen randomly, has been excluded from the research. Thus, the number of participants, which will ultimately define the result of the test, was ultimately decreased to 26. Maturation is the exclusive case of the statistical research and is based on the assumption that the objects of the research tend to improve while the test takes place. In our case with the career assessment, during the period of the three months, while the testing was taking place, it is assumed that it is hardly possible for the objects of the research to significantly improve their knowledge and qualification to the extent which could possibly change the results of the test, not noting the three respondents who visited the courses and have been excluded from the test group for this reason. In the present research there was the high probability that the results of the pre-test evaluation would considerably influence the post-test results for those who would pass the career assessment tests, as these tests presuppose

Strategic marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic marketing management - Essay Example This has been of great help in improving the reputation that the company has had in the market especially after the major recall of vehicles in 2010. The second principle that the company has put in place in the United Kingdom market is a functional business structure whereby the company has put in place different measures that will help in meeting the needs of the consumers (Chaston 2009). Some of the needs that Toyota has put in place in the United Kingdom include a corporate website for the consumers in the United Kingdom only, where they can ask questions and deliver any queries with regard to the products offered by the company. This has helped the company managers to understand the consumer behaviour in the United Kingdom, which they say is the most important factor in determining the competitive advantage of the company in the current market (Hulbert 2007). The company has also organized meetings where consumers are allowed to pass on any complaints or queries, which are to be dealt with within the company (Chaston 2009). On the other hand, this has helped the company in increasing the efficiency to delivering quality products and services to the consumers, which has in turn translated to an increase in the satisfaction levels of the consumers thereby improving the reputation of the company in this market (Slate 2009). The company has also employed this principle by offering free test drives to consumers to help them ascertain the quality of automotives that are being delivered to them by the company. The third and very essential principle that Toyota has employed in the United Kingdom market is market solutions whereby the company has been able to understand that primary target of the consumers in the United Kingdom is acquiring motor vehicles that are of the best quality, which will be able to endure any type of environment (Chaston 2009). On the other hand, the consumer is focused in having his spoken and unspoken needs met by the company, thus the co mpany has been on the forefront in conducting market research studies to understand what the consumers need so as to improve their corporate image (Slate 2009). Through these studies that the company has conducted over the years, it is clear it has segmented the consumers into different markets. This makes it easy to deliver quality and effective products to them (Viardot 2004). The company has also exploited the use of technological advancements in promoting the products in the United Kingdom, such as advertisements over the internet and on television stations to make its consumers aware of the quality of vehicles that the company is offering (Viardot 2004). The company should also focus on Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning of products sold in the United Kingdom. The first stage will involve the segmentation of the consumers into different groups making it easier to deliver on their needs. Toyota has been using a philosophy known as ‘right car in the right placeâ€℠¢ to segment and target its consumers in other countries around the world (McDonald 2012). Hence, using this philosophy, the company will be able to segment the

Social Consequences of Inequality

Social Consequences of Inequality Inequality is a feature of my country, (the UK), however, it is of little social consequence. Discuss. Introduction Inequality in society means that some people are at a disadvantage compared to others. In the UK inequalities are featured in a number of different contexts. Women for example are socially disadvantaged in comparison to men and ethnic minorities are often disadvantaged in comparison to the dominant white community because they may not have the same opportunities. There are also class inequalities in Britain where those from a working class background are often disadvantaged compared to people from a middle-class background (Giddens, 2001). This assignment will discuss the statement that inequality is a feature of the UK and assess the view that it is of little social consequence, this will be done with reference to class and gender inequalities in health. Class Inequalities Those who belong to the higher capitalist classes and to the middle classes tend to be better educated than people from a working class background. This often means that the higher classes have greater material resources than those from a lower class. Having more money means that people also have greater access to other resources. They tend to fare better when it comes to education and to health because they live in better areas which tend to have less crowded and better performing schools (Giddens, 2001). The working classes tend to have more stressful, or more physically demanding jobs that pay less money than, for example, teaching or being the manager of a successful business. This means that they often cannot afford the same kind of diet as those who earn more money and live in a better area. This puts them at a disadvantage in terms of how healthy they are and how long they might expect to live (Walsh et al, 2000). Such inequalities do not simply occur as a result of class ineq ualities but in areas where people do not have the same equality of opportunity. Since the late nineteen sixties feminists such as Walby (1990) have pointed to the fact that in a capitalist society women do not have the same access to material or other social resources and that this is due to the gender inequalities which exist in a patriarchal society. Gender Inequalities Britain is a patriarchal society. In patriarchal societies women are seen as the subordinate sex. Patriarchy is bound up with traditional notions of the family where the father was seen as the head of the family unit. This, feminists say, can be seen in all the structures of patriarchal societies where laws and social structures operate in such a way as to benefit men at the expense of women (Walby, 1990). Since the nineteenth century the traditional family has been one where the man goes to work and the woman stays at home and looks after the house and any children in the family. Walby (1990) argues that this arrangement made women invisible and their labour in the home, which allowed men to have a public life, has not been taken into account. With the rise of feminism and the struggle for equal opportunities for women the situation has changed somewhat and many women now work outside the home. Work does not readjust the gender imbalances that exist in British society because in mos t jobs women still earn less than men. Walby (1990) has argued that gender is a primary category when it comes to inequaltity and the oppression of women. State policies may no longer aim to keep women in the home but have done little to alleviate the inequalities between women and men in the public sphere. Certain occupations such as teaching, nursing, shop or clerical work are still regarded as women’s work. Although women may now be involved in the public sphere and can be found in the labour market in increasing numbers, Walby states that they still remain segregated from wealth, power and status. Doyal (1995) has said that research shows that while paid work brings benefits to a family it can also bring extra stresses and responsibilities. These may then affect women’s health. The increasing number of roles that women are called upon to play in contemporary society affects their emotional, mental and physical well being. Class, Gender, and Health For some time there has been concern over the fact that there appear to be inequalities in health provision and the ways in which this impacts on people’s lives. As a result of this sociologists look the body, or aspects of the body and the ways in which factors such as class, race and gender affect a person’s experience of health (Giddens, 2001).The Acheson Report (1998) pointed out that health inequalities are complex, certainly more than people had previously believed. Material deprivation alone is not the cause of inequalities in health, rather there are wider cultural and economic factors which interact with personal choices based on psychological and biological influences. Acheson recommended that a wider range of intervention and policy initiatives would be needed to address health inequalities. Many commentators believe that class inequalities in health have worsened over the last twenty five years with the introduction of market forces into healthcare i.e. oper ating the health system as though it were a business (Giddens, 2001). This particularly affects those people at the lower end of the class scale because facilities in poorer areas are often over stretched and therefore people may have to wait longer for the care they need. Women in Britain tend to use the health services a lot more than their male counterparts. This is explained in terms of women generally living longer than men, having more chronic illnesses and generally being the main care giver and child rearer in the family (Provincial Health Officer’s Report, 1995). Feminists such as Abbott and Wallace (1997) point out that what is often missed is that women will also visit the doctor on behalf of another family member. Feminists also point out that because there is no specific health care policy for women the processes of menstruation, childbirth and the menopause are over medicalised. Are These Inequalities of Social Consequence? Clearly there are class and gender inequalities which are endemic to society in the United Kingdom and this results in inequalities in other areas of social life such as health. It might be argued that these inequalities do have social consequences. Class inequalities in health for example can result in working class members of society suffering from greater ill health and dying prematurely. The results of this could mean a shortage of workers in jobs that are not usually held by people from other classes it could also mean that the working class are more of a burden on the health system than their middle class counterparts. These things could have much wider social consequences, a shortage of services, in the construction industry for example, and a shortage of hospital beds in some areas. Similarly gender inequalities could also have wider social consequences. If women do not have sufficient access to health services then they may not be healthy enough to take care of other members of the family. Conclusion Clearly there are inequalities in this country and it would certainly appear that these inequalities may not seem to be of great social consequence but if they are left to carry on unaddressed could have wider ramifications. The introduction of the Community Care Act in 1990 for example relies on family members to take care of those people who may not be able to look after themselves as a result of mental health problems, or simply due to age. Members of the upper and middle classes may well have the resources to pay for care but working class people do not. If health inequalities are not addressed then there may be no-one who is fit enough to look after those people who are unable to look after themselves. This could have serious consequences for the health system, the benefits system, and Government policy making in general. 1250 words Bibliography Abbott and Wallace, 1997 An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives. London, Routledge Acheson, D. 1998. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report London, HMSO Doyal, L. 1995 What Makes Women Sick London, Macmillan Giddens, A. 2001 4th ed. Sociology, Cambridge, Polity Press www.polity.co.uk/giddens Pollert, A. 1996. â€Å"Gender and class revisited or the poverty of patriarchy† Sociology vol. 30 no. 4 Provincial Health Of. cer’s Annual Report (1995). Report on the Health of British Columbia. BC Ministry of Health and Ministry Responsible for Seniors. Townsend, P. Davidson, N. and Whitehead, M. (eds) 1988. Inequalities in Health, the Black Report and the Health Divide Harmondsworth, Penguin Turner, B. 1987.Medical Power and Social Knowledge. London, Sage. Walby,S. 1990. Theorising Patriarchy. Blackwell, Oxford. Walsh, M. Stephens, P. and Moore, S. 2000 Social Policy and Welfare. Cheltenham,

The Dramatic Setting of the Gorgias :: Gorgias

The Dramatic Setting of the Gorgias ABSTRACT: I analyse the dramatic setting of the Gorgias by contrasting it with that of the Protagoras. The two dialogues are closely related. In the Gorgias Socrates states that the rhetorician and the sophist are basically indistinguishable in everyday life. In both the Protagoras and the Gorgias, his confrontation with his interlocutors is metaphorically related to a descent to Hades. However, while the events in the Protagoras are narrated by Socrates himself, the Gorgias has readers face the unfolding events without mediation. The temporal and spatial framing of the Gorgias is indeterminate, while both aspects are described in detail in the Protagoras. I maintain that the magical passage from an indeterminate "outside" to an indeterminate "inside" in the Gorgias is significantly related to the characters' attitude towards the boundaries of each other's souls, which are constantly ignored or attacked. As a matter of fact, the dialogue presents a very impressive amount of anger and exchange of abuse, which never ceases until the end. I suggest that the temporal framing demonstrates that the beginning and the end of the dialogue are closely connected. Socrates unexpectedly arrives and refutes Gorgias by asking him unexpected questions. The last myth of judgment indicates that Gorgias' attitude is comparable to that of the mortals who lived during Kronos' age, while Socrates brings about a liberation from appearance which is analogous to the innovations brought about by Zeus. The Gorgias has been often characterized by commentators as a remarkably bitter dialogue. After all, the dialogue presents a war between philosophy and rhetoric. Socrates is involved in three discussions of growing length and complexity with characters who, to various degrees, defend the power of rhetoric and the superiority of political life over philosophical life. It is a "fighting dialogue", as is also suggested by its incipit: "to war and battle." One would expect Socrates to win against his non-philosophical interlocutors. However, this is not the case. The more the conversations proceed, the more they are infiltrated by anger and misunderstanding, the more one is under the impression that Socrates may well silence his interlocutors but he hardly persuades them. His last interlocutor, Callicles, not only is not persuaded by him, but at one point even refuses to talk to Socrates and leaves him with the choice between abandoning the discussion altogether and performing a monologue. The myth of last judgment, which concludes the dialogue, is addressed to Callicles.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - The Individual and Society Essay

Frankenstein: The Individual and Society      Ã‚  Ã‚   The creature's ambiguous humanity has long puzzled readers of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In this essay I will focus on how Frankenstein can be used to explore two philosophical topics, social contract theory, and gender roles, in light of ideas from Shelley's two philosophical parents, William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft.    What Does it Mean to be Human? Individual and Society    One historically important tradition in social and political philosophy is called "Social Contract Theory." It gives a way of thinking about what it means to be human, raising fundamental questions such as: what is human nature, in itself, apart from society? Are people fundamentally equal, and if so, why, in what ways? What justifies governmental authority? In what sense are people free and independent if their lives are ruled by laws and governmental authorities?    Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), and John Locke (1632-1704), were English philosophers who approached these questions by hypothesizing a "state of nature." Try to imagine what a person would be like if he or she lived outside of any governed society. Hobbes thought that people would be isolated, desperately afraid of harm from others. Life would be, in Hobbes' memorable phrase, "poore, solitary, nasty, brutish and short." Locke wasn't quite so pessimistic. He thought that in the state of nature, people would be fairly sociable, and would establish private property and trade. Both Hobbes and Locke thought that insecurity in the state of nature would lead people to join together and give to a governmental authority the right to make laws and punish offenders. Hence, for them, government is based on a "social contrac... ...manly virtues are, in fact, weaknesses. Wollstonecraft insists, "The most perfect education, in my opinion, is such an exercise of the understanding as is best calculated to strengthen the body and form the heart....It is a farce to call any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason" (103). When women are socialized to be feminine, when their reasoning powers are not developed, and when they have no option but to be economically dependent on men, their characters will become perverted, and they will become servile or manipulative.    Works Cited: Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emile. 1762. translated by William Boyd, New York: Columbia University, 1956. Shelley, Mary. 1818. Frankenstein. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1996. Wollstonecraft, Mary. 1792. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. New York: Penguin Books, 1992.

Camisea Gas Project

The already drilled gas extraction operations for â€Å"block 88† wants to expand to destroy even more indigenous native land. The area has suffered a range of direct and â€Å"indirect† impacts, from the loss of local fish and hunting populations on which native indigenous people of that land live on, to landslides, infectious diseases and SST outbreaks. Peruvian health ministry confirmed that incidences of infectious diseases had increased among one group, the Anti, to such a disturbing rate that only one in four now reaches adolescence.Expansion of the gas project is the most damaging project In the Amazon Basin. From the improper development loans, scars to primary rainforest's, and damage to semi- nomadic peoples who live In Isolation we can see why this Is true. This project has upset many In Peru, especially because It was bullet within the Fracas Marine Reserve, considered to be an internationally Important wetland area by the RAMS. Despite repeated appeals by P eruvian society, the consortium refused to choose an alternative.There was a lot of push back and criticism from indigenous groups, Peruvian society, international Nags, USA congressional representatives and its own environmental auditors. They all agreed that this project would not only harm the people living there, but their own economy and image to the outside world. But even after all the signs they were given not to do it, the Inter-American development bank approved a direct loan of $75 million and a syndicated loan of $60 million to the transportation consortia In September 2003.Evidence from the field indicates that Inter-American Development Bank endorsement effectively gave the project companies a green light to continue even though they knew of the projects flaws. The development bank gave an â€Å"Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report† woo years after the project had started. Of the reports 138 pages, only 21 actually dealt with environmental and socia l impacts, and even then they were minimized. In the whole report there was only one paragraph that was about socio-cultural change, one of the biggest issues for the affected communities.The development bank failed to honor loan conditions by refusing to release numerous documents about environmental and social management which in turn made them quickly close their loan provision deal. They didn't touch on concerns of native rights being abused, local development, or community compensation for the land and lives they strayed. The Seamless gas project certainly left their mark on the Amazon. This Seamless project has without a doubt devastated some of the most diverse and threatened biological ecosystems In the world.The remote, roadbeds, Aruba and Hecatomb regions have been considered by conservationists to be of almost unparalleled biological richness and the pipe is cutting its way through these areas. Migrants, loggers and developers to the area resulting in deforestation, envir onmental degradation and social pressures on the vulnerable aboriginal communities. The companies in charge have breached both modern industry tankards and international environmental guidelines.The workers do not care for safety and because of this it has led to the death of nine workers and one Machinating child, drowned in the wake of a speeding consortium boat. Technical experts have documented that there are critical impacts to natural habitats because of persistent multiple landslides, massive soil erosion, and river sedimentation from the pipelines extremely steep route. Since the company consistently disregards the erosion control during and after construction, it has allowed heavy rainfall to wash thousands of tons of soil and vegetation into local rivers.This is all unfortunate proof that this expansion of the gas project is scaring the Amazon forest. The Samisen project continues to Jeopardize not only the environment but the health and safety of the Machinating indigenou s communities living in small communities along the Aruba and Samisen rivers. The pipeline construction and spills have caused a reduction in fish and animals that the natives need to survive. Illness has increased significantly throughout Aruba.Dozens of cases of syphilis reported by the health post in the indigenous community of Grittier and on top of that, local health rockers testified that small children are at risk from chronic malnutrition. These semi-nomadic peoples live in voluntary isolation and choose to live the way they do, yet companies come in destroying their land and causing sickness. The government of Peru created the reserve in 1990 to protect these vulnerable people from intrusion, but this was obviously recognized as an international violation of indigenous rights.Forty-two percent of the Nah population had already died from introduced diseases which they have no immunity to when shell conducted gas exploration in he mid-asses. The Nah took a first-time step of publicly communicating through local advocates their rejection of all oil and gas operations within their lands: â€Å"In the past, Shell worked here and almost all of us died from the diseases†¦ We know that if another company comes here, our rivers and land will be destroyed.What will we eat when the rivers are dead and the animals run away? ‘ Looking at the impacts that this project has done to the Peruvian Amazon, it's easy to say it has not benefited anything other than the fact that the company gets their money. Its improper loans room the inter-American development bank, damages to one of the most biological sound places on earth, and the lasting effects it has on the indigenous peoples all play a part in this destruction of the nature of the Amazon.If we could somehow take a look at how the Amazon would have turned out if it was UN-touched by this project, we might find the indigenous people still living in their voluntary isolation, with no increase in deaths to their population and no harm to their reserve, but unfortunately this is not the case. Without a doubt the expansion of this gas project has been the most damaging project in the Amazon Basin.

Motorola Press Release

â€Å"Motorola will unveil a host of new groundbreaking products, partnerships and technologies. Motorola, in its consistent effort to innovate and reinvent, is enhancing the experience of what it calls â€Å"seamless mobility† by expanding its line-up of new products †¦ the ultimate combination of cool, cutting-edge technology and fashion-forward design. The new technologies promise to deliver easy, uninterrupted access to the information, entertainment and communications that people want.† (Newswire Association,1996) What is the key challenge or opportunity in this article? The article has talked about Motorola launching new products, partnerships and technologies. Motorola aims to connect people and give them access to information effortlessly anytime and any where.   That is also the main challenge to Motorola, to make that a reality. What are the underlying causes of the situation? People nowadays are busier than ever thus they need more information and data in their work and activities anytime and anywhere.   It is because of these facts that Motorola has decided to launch these new products. What did the company do, or, what strategy did the company employ to address the challenge or opportunity? Motorola saw an opportunity to widen its market and has forged new partnerships and launched new products in order to address the needs identified above. What may be the implication? Implication would be a wider market for Motorola thus more profits for the company. What do you think about this? Motorola has done a good thing by keeping up with the times and most especially with the demand.   A company that doesn’t improve its services and products will stagnate  and sooner or later will die.   That is why it is very important to always identify the needs of the clients and addressed those needs and Motorola has done just that. What is going on in the global and or industry environment? Nowadays, people are busier than ever.   People engage in numerous activities that enhance and enrich their lives.   They are always on the go, rarely sitting still.   People are also more competitive than ever most especially in the boardroom.   These are the developments in the society that Motorola has seen and has addressed.   Also, nowadays, the better the technology, the better.   Price is, most often than not, no object that is why Motorola has focused on creating great products regardless of the price. What may be a competitive response? The response would be that other companies would launch their own products addressing the identified needs.   The products may even be â€Å"identical† to what Motorolla has only repackaged. Bibliography: PR Newswire. (1996). MultiVu Video Feed: Motorola Unveils New Products, Partnerships and Technologies for Second Half of 2006.     Retrieved September 12, 2006, from PR Newswire Website: http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi- bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-24-2006/0004402638&EDATE=         

Human life development Essay

Introduction Growth refers to an increase in size, such as changes in an individual’s body for example size, weight, height and shape. Development usually comes in stages, as in the changes in the complexity of an individual and a rise in skills or knowledge, such as learning how to walk. Conception to birth (0-9 months) P1) The internal development is the development of the embryo in the mothers body which is needed to absorb oxygen and food from the blood for the baby. At this stage all of the developments are physical changes. M1) Physically about two weeks after a woman’s menstrual period the ovary releases an egg, which then travels down the fallopian tube. Sperm travels through the cervix and swims into the fallopian tube – one single egg penetrates the egg cell and the resulting cell is called a zygote, then the fertilised egg travels down the fallopian tube. While doing this the fertilized egg divides once it has travelled through the fallopian tube, the embryo implants into the womb lining. From four weeks the embryo now relaxes in the womb lining, the outer cell reach out like roots to come together to the mothers blood supply. The inner layer of cells form into two then later on shape into three, each one of these layers will grow to be different parts of the baby’s body. One of the layers becomes the brain and nervous system, the eyes, skin and ears. Another layer will form into the lungs, gut and stomach; finally the third layer will grow into the blood, muscles, heart and bones. The fifth week is the time of the first missed period when many women are only just beginning to think they may be pregnant. Nevertheless already the baby’s nervous system is starting to develop. A groove forms into the top layer of cells. The cells fold up around to make a hollow tube called the neural tube. This will form into the baby’s brain and spinal cord. At the same time the baby’s heart is coming together and already has some of its own blood vessels. A string of these will link baby and mother and will become the umbilical cord. From week six to seven there is now an outsized bulge where the heart is and a bump for the head because the brain is developing. The heart begins to beat and can be seen beating on an ultrasound scan. Dimples will appear on the side of the head which  will become the ears and there are thickenin gs where the eyes will form. On the baby’s body there will become bumps where the muscles and bones will be forming. At seven weeks the embryo has grown to 10mm long from head to bottom, this measurement is called â€Å"crown- rump length†. By week eight a face is gradually forming, the eyes are more recognizable and have some colour in them. Also there is a mouth in which the tongue has formed. There are now the beginnings of hands and feet, with ridges where the fingers and toes will be. The major internal organs are all developing which are the, brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, gut and the liver. On week nine the baby has grown to about 22mm long from head to bottom. Week ten to fourteen, just 12 weeks after conception the fetus is fully formed. Its development all their organs, muscles, bones, limbs, and its sex organs, from now on it has grown and matured. The baby is now able to move about; however, the movement’s cannot yet be felt. By fourteen weeks the heart beat is well-built and can be heard through using an ultrasound detector. The baby’s heart beat is extremely fast, about twice as fast as a normal adult’s heartbeat. At fourteen weeks the baby is about 85mm long from head to bottom. From week fifteen the baby has now growth swiftly, the body grows bigger so that the head and body are more in proportion and the baby doesn’t look so top heavy. The face looks much more human and the hair is beginning to grow as well as eyebrows and eyelashes. However the eye lids stay closed over the eyes. The lids of the skin of the fingers are now made, so now the baby has its own individual fingerprint. Toenails and fingers are growing and the baby has a firm hand grip. At twenty-two weeks the baby is covered in a very fine, soft hair called â€Å"lanugo†. At about sixteen to twenty-two weeks you will be able to feel the mothers baby move for the first time. The baby is now moving about vigorously and responds to touch and to sound. You may be able to feel the baby hiccup which will make the baby jerk. The baby may also begin to follow a pattern for waking and sleeping. From this stage you are now capable of hearing the heart beat through a stethoscope, also your partner may even be able to hear it by putting an ear to your abdomen, but it may be difficult to find. The baby is now enclosed in a white, greasy substance called †Å"vernix†. It is thought that it is maybe to protect the baby’s skin as it floats in the amniotic fluid. The vernix mostly goes before birth. By twenty-four weeks the baby is called â€Å"viable† this means that the baby is  now thought to have a chance of survival if born. Around about twenty-six weeks the baby’s eye lids are exposed for the first time. The eyes are almost always blue or dark blue. It is not until some weeks after birth that the eyes become the colour they will stay, although some babies do have brown eyes at birth. The head to bottom length at thirty weeks is about 33cm. By the time the baby is thirty-one to forty- weeks is it growing chubbier, so the skin which was quite wrinkled before, is now smoother. Both the vernix and the lanugo begin to disappear. By about thirty-two weeks the baby is typically lying downwards braising for birth. Sometime beforehand the baby’s head may move down into the pelvis and is said to be â€Å"engaged† but sometimes the baby’s head does not engage until labour has begun. Birth to infancy (0-3 years) Physical development P1) When a child is new born they are powerless – this means that it is a parent or caregivers responsibility to ensure it survives however, all children are born with natural physical developments, such as rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, stepping and startle reflexes although new born babies have very low muscular co-ordination they are able to focus their eyes and follow sounds from side to side. They are also able to cry and make gurgling sounds which helps indicate the child’s needs. (M1) Humans are fairly helpless and dependent then they are born. To ensure the new-borns survival they need to be looked after. Babies are born with several reflexes which are sucking, rooting, grasping, swallowing, stepping and the startle reflex. New-borns are mostly immobile when they are born and have very little muscular co-coordination. Soon the muscles start to strengthen and babies get going, their movements allow them to begin to explore their environment and learn how their world operates. Physical control progresses downwards, beginning with the head and moving through the arms, neck, trunk and finally their legs. From two months the baby is able to raise its head when lying on its stomach, at four months they can grasp objects using their whole hand, at six months they will be able to sit up without support, at eight months they can start to crawl, at twelve months  they can walk without help, at eighteen months they can climb stairs and run but often fall, at two years they can control muscles which allow for toilet training and they can climb on furniture and kick a ball but not yet catch one, and by three years they will be able to jump and ride a tricycle. Emotional development P1) Our emotional development starts from a very young age that way a child and their main caregiver bond together this will result in the attachment they gain towards one another the emotional development of infancy is all about the intellect of having security around you and the development of trust and self-worth for yourself and others. M1)Emotional development is the way we are able to form effective relationships. Young babies cry if they are parted from their carer for a long time. One-year old babies are about to learn about the effects their behaviour has on their caregiver and they can express emotions through laughter, tears and facial expressions. Two-year old children are known for their temper tantrums as they find it hard to express their emotions. They are able to show a certain degree of empathy, which is often stated through play such as punishing or praising a doll. By the time they get to three, children are most sensitive to other individual’s feelings and are eager to share toys and take turns when playing. They are interested in having friends and this is often when children start nursery or playgroup. Intellectual development P1) At this stage children begin to develop the mind, which allows them to recognise, remember, reason, know and understand things that are around us. This all helps towards developing communication skills which help us to be understood and the start of developing relationships when children start to interact with the environment they develop their own thoughts and responses to the world. Language is also part of intellectual development. M1) intellectual development refers to the development of the mind and lets  us recognise reason, remember, know and understand things around us. As a child co-operates with the environment, they progressively organise their thoughts and develop an appropriate set of responses for dealing with the world. Children should know at least six words by the time the child is eighteen months. Most one-year olds should be able to name straightforward objects and by the age of two most are able to put two or three words together into a trouble-free sentence. By the age of three most speech should be understandable and children should be able to speak in complete sentences. Children at this age love to have stories read to them, often the same ones over and over again. Social development P1) Social development starts a few days after your child is born. New babies will respond to sounds of humans who are around them and will focus on the humans faces social development is linked very closely with emotional development as the first social relationships that are built are with those who are the main care provider for the child. M1) Our need to be sociable seems to be something we are born with, yet babies of a few days old will react to the sound of human speech, touch and smell, however social development starts in the womb. The baby will be able to hear music, a care giver reading a story and how the mother’s mood is. If you watch and listen you will observe that older babies and toddlers make social moves towards each other and are pleased to see each other. At first the most important relationship will be the baby’s caregiver and other family members, whereas relationships with peers become more important as children start to grow up. Young children form relationships and have a habit of showing preferences for particular people. Language skills are vital in the developing of these relationships and, as children develop, they are more able to express their feelings verbally. Children benefit from spending time with younger and older individuals. One way in which children develop social rel ationships outside their families is through play. Childhood 3-11 years (M1) Childhood is such an exciting stage of development with physical skills forming as well as children learning about society in which they live. Children become much more independent and in many cultures already start to take on many responsibilities. Physical Development (P1 When a child leads into their childhood stages they become more independent and take on their own responsibility and choices. The growth at this period is still very fast as they start to develop their body proportions during childhood. These stage children start to develop their growth motor skills which help to co-ordinate and muscle their large muscles, this helps with the skills for an example: walk, run, sit and other physical activities. They also start to develop their fine motor skills which help to co-ordinate and control the small muscles in the body. M1) Growth carry’s on developing rapidly during this phase, however not as fast as in the first few years, and body proportions and beginning to be more becoming more advanced. Children begin to be more aware of things and are cable of tying their on shoes laces, making and decorating a cake, play sport such as football, building a brick tower, play a musical instrument, throwing a ball and gymnastics. Children learn any skills through doing these activities such as co- ordination. Intellectual development For the period of stage children begin to be able to do more logical activities, they also start to understand different concepts whilst you explain things to them however, the individual needs to see them in order to completely understand. As children start to grow up and start to develop intellectual skills their language becomes more fluent and extremely clear. Likewise through this stage children start to develops the sense of the past, present and the future. M1)we can only guess what children are thinking by their gestures and by what they say. During this stage of development numerous things start to change and take place in many different countries this is the time where when  children often start formal schooling, some ideas about what we should be teaching children at this stage are based on Piaget’s theories about what children are capable of understanding. Stage 1- Sensorimotor (0-2 years) the infant learns about the word through their senses such as their mouth and tasting. Born with reflexes- the infant learns to control their muscles and movements. The child needs to develop object permanence- Piaget said s/he doesn’t remember and know that something still exists if it is â€Å"out of sight†. Stage 2 pre-operational (2-7) Children can now use language but Piaget said they can’t think in a logical way. They need to develop â€Å"conservation† i.e. understand that a tall slim glass of water doesn’t contain more water than a short wide glass (children look at the physical size instead of using logic). Stage 3 Concrete operational (7-11 years) the child can use logic but tends to focus on practicable/observable solutions. Stage 4 Formal operational (11+) the individual can now think about problems in their head and come up with different possible solutions. For an example if I turned on the light in a classroom which didn’t work, why do you think this might be. As children are developing and getting older they are able to carry out more logical activities. They start to begin to understand different concepts but often need to actually see concrete objects in order to understand them. For example if the child is learning about fractions they will be able to understand it but only if they can use a concrete example like dividing up a pie so that a number of people can each have a piece. As children retreat through this stage they become more or less fluent in language and may mature a good vocabulary. They start to be able to contrast sentences and use grammar fairly well, it is also during this stage that children begin to see things from other points of views not just their own, Also they have a sense of past, present and future. Moral development is something which also forms during this stage of development this is the process by which children adopt the rules and expectations of the society in which they are brought up and develop of wisdom of right and wrong. This would be learnt from the people around him such as their mother and father. Emotional development P1) During childhood the is the stage where children start to show pleasure towards their families and individuals who the children may be close to. They will create close attachments with these individuals, through this stage children start to develop and show may different emotions which for some changes for the wrong reason. Children will tend to act frustrated, sad and angry. This shows then they start to feel tired or need help with something. M1) as children headway through this stage they start to loosen their attachments with their main carers although they still need their support. They arise to be more individual and start to develop a sense of â€Å"self†. Most of our emotional responses are learned from our primary caregivers. Most children learn to be in control of their emotions responses and to resolve conflict and carers should praise the child when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. At this development the children start to show signs of compassion and empathy and again, carers need to encourage this. During this stage they also start to form the ability to talk about their feelings, even at a young age children will say things such as â€Å"I feel sad† or â€Å"that makes me happy†. Social development P1) childhood is when socialisation occurs to children, this is the development of bonds and friendships between individuals. And this is the stage where friendships outside the family become more significant as they start to move from the stage into adolescence where that begins vital to them. M1) As children form into social begins they go through what is termed â€Å"socialisation†. Primary socialisation takes place within the family although there are many different types of family’s. relationships with people outside of the family become more important as children move through this stage and into teenage years. One way in which these relationships develop is through play. Solitary is where young children like to explore and play with a wide range of toys by themselves. They will also like games  of imagination and make-believe. The approximate age would be 0-2 years, parallel is where toddlers will play alongside others and will even watch what they do but will not play another the approximate age would be 2-3 years. Simple co- operative is where children join in many different activities with others and learn to share and take turns this would be aimed at 3-5 years and complex co- operative is children making up complex games with others, organising themselves and making their own rules. Approximate age would be 5 years and onwards. Adolescence (Teenage ages (11-18 years) Physical development P1) During adolescence the physical change to an individual’s bodies is going through puberty, which is a rapid growth of our bodies an when we become physically able to reproduce. Puberty occurs in both boys and girls usually at the average age of 12. Both female and males go through physically changes such as weight gain and growth spurts. (M1) At puberty, chemicals in your body called hormones set off many physical changes, including growth spurts and weight increases, and boys and girls begin to change and look different as they grow into a young men and women. Similar changes to women and men are under arm hair grows, pubic hair, body smell gets stronger, emotional changes and growth rate increases. Changes which only happen for men are: voice breaks, testes, penis increases, testes start to produce sperm cells, shoulders get wider and hair grows on face and chest. Changes which would happen for women: breasts develop, ovaries start to release egg cells ( period starts) and hips get wider getting ready for pregnancy and birth. Intellectual development P1) At this stage of adolescence the mind develops broader and you start to learn the ability to work with abstract concepts. You also start to develop their long term memory which enables the individual to remember more  information and store it in their brain for a later date such as studying for a upcoming exams, this will be awfully key to in your life stage. M1) Stage 4 Formal operational (11+) the individual can now think about problems in their head and come up with different possible solutions. For an example if I turned on the light in a classroom which didn’t work, why do you think this might be. Teenagers also begin to see the difference between fact and opinion, learns that current actions many have an effect on the future and in late teens they will start to think about what they would like to do in the future for a career. Emotional development P1) At this stage you start to develop your own identify as an individual and your emotional intelligence. Also through this stage their emotional develop is all over the place, it has been portrayed as one of â€Å"storm and stress† in this period it is very common for an individual to feel misunderstood at times and they may start to challenge parental values. M1) At this stage the most important period in development of adult personality. Through this period teenagers may feel overwhelmed; often teenagers alternate from behaving like children and then behaving as adults. They also frequently feel misunderstood and may challenge parental values, deliberately pushing against boundaries by this stage teenagers become less dependent on family for emotional support and turn to their friends for advice. This is called the influence of the peer group. Young people want to be accepted by their friends and this can be sometimes lead to difficult situations, affecting both self- esteem and self- concept which may lead to depression, anxiety, being stressed and confused. Social development P1) this is the most difficult stage for social development because as you come be independent on your peers you may start to find it a fight to fit in with different crowds of individuals. For example the clothing you wear, or the type of personality they have. The main issue for social development  throughout adolescence is peer pressure. M1) Social and emotional development is interlinked and as teenagers gain independent, they spend more times with their friends. This allows them to practise social skills, sometimes called social intelligence. For some adolescents factors such as living in poverty, living in a dysfunction family and/or living somewhere in a are which as high crime make this period of life much more difficult. Peer pressure can also be difficult if in the wrong crowd; this is often a period during which issues such as experimenting with alcohol, sexual orientation and attitudes towards education are examined. However sexual relationships vary on your social group the avenge age is 17 years old. Adulthood ( grown-up 18-65 years) Physical development P1) Individuals which are in their twenties and thirties which would be early adulthood are usually at the peak of their physical development. They are completely mature and it is at this stage that a lot of people have children, Individuals who are in their thirties or older start to see and feel the beginning of physical aging process. M1) Most elite perform at their bet in their twenties and even have to think about their retirement. Good exercise regimes and a healthy lifestyle can help to expand this ad many individuals decide to start to develop their fitness after this age. From around about the age of 30 the physical ageing process begins and individuals begin to note certain changes about their appearance such as wrinkling of the skin, hearing and sight decline, bones lose calcium, greying and thinning hair, flexibility reduces, circulatory system not as efficient and the menopause for women over 50. Intellectual development P1) Early adulthood is the stage where most individuals continue or further their education to get to their desired career, their intellectual health is very important because it helps creativity, general knowledge and common  sense. There is also evidence that memory decreases with age and, just as physical self needs exercise to keep flexible, so an individual’s mind will also need to be kept active. M1) Intellectual development surely does not stop after the age of 18. Some individuals in our society either continue with their education or start work at this stage of development. A lot of young adults continue their education at a collage or university even this stage the individuals intellectual development does not stop. Once at work, many new skills are required and individuals may well also follow a number of more formal training courses. Young adults continue to develop problem solving and decision-making skills. Emotional development P1) Emotional development is very strong at this stage in life as individual aged between their twenties and thirties they will be thinking about life partners and developing close emotional bonds with one another. This is also the time where some people decide to have a family, which means new responsibilities. Most young adults have the emotional maturity to manage these, although there are sometimes too many pressures and they need to access outside help. Middle adulthood from the forties onwards is also a time of change and for some these changes can cause â€Å"Mid-life crisis†. Individuals will start to become aware of their physical ageing, women will go through the menopause, there are a fewer job options, some children are thinking of moving away from their parents, and middle aged adults may be helping looking after their own ageing parents, who are themselves experiencing difficulties. However for many people it is a positive time their experience is valued, they have been productive, there is more freedom as children leave home and people are usually established in their communities. Individuals can look at the contribution they have made to society which gives them a sense of belonging and well-being. Social Development P1) Social changes are significant throughout this stage. In an individual’s twenties they usually do not have too many responsibilities and most people are able to spend quite a bit of free time socializing with other people because friendships becomes vital and they begin to find it exciting being with other individuals and meeting new people. M1) Friendships are vital, both same sex and opposite sex, and meting new individuals is often an exciting activity. Throughout this stage there are many different types of relationships that develop both public and personal. The personal ones will be extended families, long-term friends and, possibly, a life partner. Public relationships are those which take place in the wider world. Such as the world of work, social networks are developed and maintained through a number of different ways. Old age (65+ years) Physical Development P1) This can be a very important stage as physical appears starts to change, the skin starts to become lose and wrinkle in all places, most commonly the face and hands. The hair starts to thin and become grey, in most cases fall out easier. The skeletal bones and the joints become weak and fragile and start to give way. An individual may also develop sight and hearing impairments which is blindness and deafness and the brain stops development if the person is not kept active and this results in memory loss for most individuals. M1) Once an individual hits the age around about their sixties their ageing process progresses more quickly. At some point almost all older people will have to deal with some sort of disability as they are no longer able to the things which they were able to do at a younger stage. Different physical effects of ageing can be their eye sight may find it difficult reading and the brain may cause some memory loss. Intellectual development P1) During this stage keeping mentally active you will still be able to learn  different skills and hobbies, you can keep you intellectual development increasing through lifestyle factors, if you are an active individual this could just be through walking then you are more than likely going to keep your brain mentally more active than those who do not do any physical activity such as exercise. M1) Many individuals do not retire until much later and often act as advisors due to long life experience and wisdom. Older individuals can still learn different skills and hobbies, which has been shown to help people in a positive way. They can learn foreign language, bridge, learn to play a musical instrument, join a painting or pottery glass and play scrabble. Many of these activates also involve others, which in itself provides mental stimulation. Social factors can also be significant. Older individuals who live with their family members and who have a lot of human interactions tend to a lot better both in terms of physical and intellectual health than those who more isolated in old age. Emotional Development P1) Emotional development in old age can be equally positive and negative. When an individual gets to the stage of old age it is known that they have a sense of pride. This is because many young individuals will look up to the older generation and want to listen to the things they have to say. From that it will make them feel like they have made a good contribution to their community. Likewise some older individuals look forward to having their own free time to be able to spend with their family and friends or people who they are with during hobbies. M1)Many old individuals are satisfied to be able to have more free time and are able to spend their retirement visiting family and friends or pursing their hobbies. In some societies the wisdom of old age is valued so those individuals feel they are making a contribution to their communities. But if this is not the cause it can make people feel that they are just a drain. Social Development P1) During old age individuals start to consider retirement, this means that most of the elderly become less social in the community, however it gives them more social time with individuals who care about them such as friends and family. If the individual had strong connections with family and friends this would be the stage where an individual can feel they are losing bonds. This is because people around your own age or older will start to lose their lives which will end up leaving you with a loss of a close friend or a family member is can lead to heavy depression and upset. M1) Many individuals prepare for retirement by developing interests that can followed later and other may do voluntary work. These kinds of social interactions have been shown to be vital for a healthy older age. If families do not live nearby, when partners and friends die or health problems make it difficult to get out, it is easy to become isolated and depressed. But there are now many services designed to help avoid this situation. Bibliography Class notes Text book health and social care Level 2 Btec first : Elizabeth Haworth: Unit 8 published by Pearson Education Limited 2010